the two input files on the left Runs from the command line using Java and is easily configured with text files. TriSCA - a new web-based sound change applier : r/conlangs - Reddit suppose you've defined and our The Language Creation Society is a prestigious body of professional conlangers and resources. Hit Generate to create a random wordlist. It is written in Python and uses configuration files in YAML, so you'll need to install Python (SCA is known to work with version 2.6, but probably won't with 3.x) and PyYAML to be able to use it.. SCA was originally written as an aid for linguists and . At the bottom of the Output section you'll see a link Download output lexicon. Hi everyone, so I've been raising these questions on the various conlang discord channels, and in the Small Discussions area, but not getting consistent /any responses, which is why I'm posting it here.. You can use it to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang, or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. About SCA Geoff's Sound Change Applier, SCA hereafter, is a program which applies rule-based transformations to strings of Unicode text. phonix, a feature-based sound-change applier : r/conlangs - Reddit SCA was originally written as an aid for linguists and conlangers to simulate the effects of the Neo-grammarian concept of sound-change and is . Reviewing 3 Sound Change Appliers for Conlang Phonological - YouTube Sound changes are born every time we speak. Here's how to read it: e > 0 / VC_# if consonants is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), this means the sound /e/ becomes zero (or deletes) when it takes the place of the underscore in this phrase: VC_#(end of word) and if these conditions are met: only if the consonant is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), so if you have a word that end in V,(l, r, n, s, th [and sometimes y]),e then the e will delete. F=ie Please note: right-click on the links to Conlang: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 10 '06, 7:37) as input for the next round of changes). The notation above is a common practice in rule-based phonology (I think. 1000 there are some candidates: th-stopping: Essentially all continental Germanic languages stopped their th's to d's, including Frisian unrounding of umlauts vowels: /y/ -> /i/ and // -> /e/ happened in English, Yiddish, and is frequently encountered in German dialects x/y/z How do you determine a New Letter's sound? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Lenition is especially common intervocalically (between two vowels). the executables, pick Save Target As, and save them to your disk. 131. So, The replacement string can be blank, as in. SIL International (formerly the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is a US-based, worldwide, Christian non-profit organization, whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages and aid minority language development. For instance, suppose youve defined. Consider the word . If your browser doesnt support these, Ive kept the old methods, which involved consolidating everything into the Sound Changes field. Vowels next to nasal consonants very often become nasal themselves. This is a common type of assimilation. N is any nasal. Define the phonemes that make up those categories in the box at the left. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. will be taken as a comment and ignored. Some of the most common general processes are: Lenition, probably one of the most common sound changes, in which a "softer" sound becomes a "louder" sound. This is a type of assimilation. Nonce categories can be defined either in the target (first part of the rule) or environment (last part), by enclosing the alternatives within brackets. Or you can output HTML or ZBB BBCode. Which are the best open-source conlang projects? the correct pronunciation of the word 60% of the time, and make only minor errors part that changes. It would be better to output a phonetic representation. [kw] relaxes into [hw]; [dr] > [r] > [r]; as the final syllable weakens, the accent shifts towards the word head; as the accent shifts towards the word head, medial long vowels become shortened. Please correct any misinformation I have written, as I'm always willing to learn more. Two different questions only mildly related = too broad. An IPA chart by the devoted web-developer Weston Ruter. Changes since the old SCA, and the newest features: intermediate results and file uploading/downloading. files, including accented characters. @AntonSherwood this article has one such proposal: New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition. The /, In Japanese, the pronunciation of as /, In some American English dialects, the diphthong /. Another possible inconsistency for sound changes is that more frequent words are more subject to changes. One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. A command-line sound change applier written in Python. Degemination can be accomplished using the special character . Sound changes can also result in homonyms. u/o/_# This basic structure can be expanded for more tricky rules. phono - phonology creator - Zompist.com For instance, . The most infamous examples are the ruki rule, where [s] became [] but only after [r, w, k, j] (? As an example, some varieties of Brazilian Portuguese delete final /r/ in verbs, but not in nouns or nominalized verbs. For instance, the French and are now pronounced [] and [o]; in Modern Greek, the combinations <> and <> are pronounced [i]. says to change u to to use an orthography where every phoneme corresponds to a single character. So the above rule can also be written, The environment must always contain an underline _, representing the part that changes. The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. Some of these examples are my own, and I apologize if they don't work as universal examples. The __ indicates a "placeholder" for where the original sound was and where the new sound goes. Those are the main ones. the second gives the name of the .sc file, containing the sound changes explain particular environments and how they affect and restrict sound changes. Sometimes you want the rewrite rules to apply only to the input. will merge. Press the Help button for full documentation. C is any consonant. These are defined at the top of the file. sound-changes conlanging historical-conlanging Updated Jun 6, 2017; Haskell; To do this, it applies some simple rules: If you dont want the input lexicon to go in your file, uncheck Files include input lexicon. You can then copy and paste a character into any of the input boxes. The comparison is very simple-minded; in particular it cant keep track of added or deleted lines in the lexicon. Hit the Help button for more. k/s/_F However, it won't affect (say) achior, The program will handle whatever you put into the .lex and .sc [] can become [i] as part of diphthongs. About. The Universals Archive is a searchable encyclopaedia with logical examples and occurrences of most linguistic features in the world, the universal ones and use statistics and correlation to determine the naturalistic contexts of the features. Russian could be. Geoff's Sound Change Applier - Conlang Show intermediate results and Intermediate results only allow you to apply only a partial set of sound changes. The original and most famous sound change applier is the SCA by Zompist. Only show final output (no arrows) Save Output Words . Additionally, capital letters usually refer to a class of sounds. The Haedus Toolbox SCA is a very nice, phonetic segment-operating sound change applier created by Fiona Morrigan, a computational linguist and conlanger. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? The middle (y) part can be blank, as in Sound change is nigh unstoppable. At year 800, /atek/ means nasty and /tul/ means extremely but /ategetul/ means 'very gross food'. Some common changes that can form part of your repertoire (with some sample sounds rules): I pay particular attention to the havoc the sound changes are likely to wreak on the TypeIt also features 20 Latin alphabets and their extensions as well as matematical, currency and miscellaneous Unicode symbols. Some other common notations are # for word boundaries and [+feature] or [-feature] to indicate the presence or lack of a certain feature respectively. This option is good for applying a permanent lexical transformation to a list of words. You can use it to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang, or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. Rules apply in the order they're listed. A Guide to Sound Changes : r/conlangs - Reddit Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Henrik Theiling, May 14 I didnt use * because a) its very computery and b) people may have used it in their sound changes and I didnt want to break them. Why xargs does not process the last argument? Svelte; Improve this page Add a description, image, and links to the sound-change-applier topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. I've looked at examples of natural languages, but I'm not sure what's going on with the notation, nor have I been able to identify any patterns that will help me create realistic sound changes for my languages. conlanging conlang vocabulary-builder conlang-lexicon Updated Oct 12, 2020; Kotlin; henry232323 / Anglish-Bot Star 3. You do this by including the special line -* at the appropriate point in your sound changes file. -p tells sounds to print out which rules apply to the second category by analogy. Once you have a list of sound changes, you will want to go through the dictionary of the proto-language and apply those sound changes to every word there. Are words based on acronyms treated differently when the language changes over time? I was pretty thorough with my sound changes, but it did catch a few legitimate errors on my part. SCA treats spaces as word boundaries. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. I think both answers have done a good job answering my question without leaving too much out. Or alternately, one that will work in conjunction with SIL's Toolbox (or other SIL product)? Make sure the two variable definitions are the same length! The Language Construction Kit on Zompist.com, is a relatively famous conlanging tutorial created by Mark Rosenfelder. I haven't been able to get solid answers. ph/f/_. Look under Programs/Accessories and run Command Prompt. The Ling Space is an education project whose mission is to help make linguistics more accessible and fun, by making videos and blog posts and so on. deletes an e between a consonant and an intervocalic r, Hello, r/conlangs! In another 300 years, the similarity will be a question at some bar's trivia night. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Mark Rosenfelder, 2018. phono - Phonology Builder. You can write transformation rules at the beginning of your sound change list orthographic Portuguese, simply to make for an easy example. Lexurgy's design philosophy sets it apart from other sound change appliers: Embrace revision. It's been a while). Phonology is the set of rules that apply given certain conditions. At year 700, apply word-final devoicing for obstruents (final voiced obstruents [consonants that block air like stops and affricates] become devoiced). Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. lector --> leitor. sounds: The Sound Change Applier This page describes a simple program which can apply a set of sound changes to a lexicon. To age a conlang, you might consider making a timeline of changes. E.g. the first rule voices the p, resulting in obera; the second gitlab. This word exhibits sounds that did not change with rule B. Now type cd plus the name of the directory In the case that two words would be pronounced the same if a certain sound change happens, one of the following things can happen: Some kinds of sound changes are more common than others. E.g. To use command line parameters you have to have a command line. The 2014 edition includes 2155 inventories that contain 2160 segment types found in 1672 distinct languages., The World Phonotactics Database is a searchable database containing information about phonotactic restrictions of languages of the world. S/Z/V_V Landing Page | conlang.tools The words get "smoothed" like gravel at a beach or in a desert. So you really have a lot of room for creativity here, while still being able to be naturalistic. I guess this forum really isn't set up for the kind of intense assistance & interaction you really need. Take a look at the documentation and the Lexurgy subreddit! Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 11 '06, 3:03) compare it to is creating new animals indirectly, by mutating their DNA. I cannot vouch for its relevancy in modern linguistics (rule-based phonology was all but forsaken at my school), but as a conlanger it is very useful. Report which rules apply prints a report in the Output section listing every time a rule applies, like this: Rewrite on output controls whether the rewrite rules should be reversed when writing the output lexicon. People will stop using one or the other word, replacing it with another construct. [ Back to the Language Construction Kit ], A Mac executable, which you can download either in. when it's followed by one or two consonants and then a front vowel. Remnants of Germanic umlaut can be seen in English, e.g. p/b/V_V This occurs when features of a given phoneme are influenced by the phonemes around it. See the enclosed LICENSE file for the full text of the license. For instance, a language may lenite a particular sound, only if it follows a particular consonant. It was then up to you, using cut and paste, to save these in a file. If you've done this right, the file won't /ategutul/ goes from 'very gross' to 'inedible food'. This has helped me age my language to make my sound systems consistent and to turn old roots into a modern lexicon. Add a description, image, and links to the conlang topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? Haedus Toolbox Sound Change Applier and forum post here. Show me where the stops become fricatives! Mark Rosenfelder, 2012. Output format tells how you want each line of the output to look like. SIL provides a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages. The word to be changed will refuse to change. It should be easy to make on-the-fly revisions to a project, even one you haven't touched in months. if you add -* just after the rule gn/nh/_ in the default sound changes, you get output that looks like this: Browse lets you read in a file, and distribute it properly to the input fields. Is there a generic term for these trajectories? A bunch of information on reduplication phenomena, tricky search interface. between vowels. See also gen for lexicon generation, and phono for creating phonological inventories. Make a note of how certain sounds are "eroded" or, I guess more properly, how they evolve. We will evolve the child language by applying sound changes to the parent. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. it with; select Notepad. omits the source word from the output, leaving only output words, like this: it won't add .txt to your file name. This is an old version of Lexurgy. Sound changes are hard to get right the first try, and it can take a lot of tinkering and experimentation to produce the results you want. Monophthongization is the simplification of a diphthong (or triphthong) down to a single vowel. It interacts with Google Maps to show geographical diffusion and concrete examples. Assimilation is by far the most important sound change. etc. 'Gross' is /atek/, 'very gross' is /atekul/, and 'inedible food' is /ategetul/. erickcan/sound-change-applier - Github The Conlangery Podcast is a weekly podcast created by conlangers, for conlangers. To see the intermediate results, check Show intermediate results. SCA - sound change applier - help - Zompist.com sound-change-applier GitHub Topics GitHub The first option just prints each output word; this is good for generating a new list of words (e.g. From: Henrik Theiling <theiling@.> Date: Sunday, May 14, 2006, 21:43 |< < Post > >| << List/Tree >> May 2006 Index. The third gives the input and output words in order. E.g. The original and most famous sound change applier is the SCA by Zompist. re-save the file as a real .lex file. E.g. Where do voiced consonants change? E.g., if a language had a sound change >that merged, say, /dZ/ and /Z/, how would it decide which one to >reconstruct? Join. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The study of when sound changes occur in a particular place and in what order the changes happen. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? Conlang.org, LCS, is a site for conlangers, would-be conlangers, those interested in or curious about conlangs and anything else to do with conlanging. This would help us realize that we really need a sound change If sounds says your file could not be read in and you're sure Usage--file-based-sound-change | -f to apply a set of rules to a set of words, each defined in a separate file, creating a text file with the changed words; . This page is not available in other languages. Re: Reversible sound change applier. The World Atlas of Language Structures, WALS, is a database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials. The change is minor, but enough that speakers no longer remember that they were once the same word, unless they are well-educated. A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. Each character in the replacement variable (here Z) Rules apply in the order theyre listed. (1999), which I would recommend to anyone interested in the subject. (For instance, the orthography may only apply to the parent language.) They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans multiple syllables, such as umlaut. 48. r/conlangs. python linguistics phonology phonetics conlang phonological-rules Updated May 31, 2021; Python . gen - language text generator - Zompist.com Z=bdg yourselfiegotleaked Jono . IPA will post a set of IPA and other useful Unicode characters to the Output area. You could write extra rules to handle the digraphs; but it's often more convenient About SCA Geoff's Sound Change Applier, SCA hereafter, is a program which applies rule-based transformations to strings of Unicode text. Pronounce one of the words over and over and try "permutations in the phonetic neighbourhood" like CWADRUT CWADRUT CHWADRUT CHWADHRUT CHWAAHRUTH HWAARRUS HWAARUH HAWARH HAWWAR. So This is better if you have, say, a parent language with several daughters each with their own sound change file. This allows you to test for something earlier or later on in the word. The infinitive "poder" (can) is usually pronounced /pode/, but as a noun, "poder" (power) is pronounced /poder/, even colloquially. I've heard good things about Haedus, Phonix, RSCA, VSCA and many more. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. Some features are: - it can run sound changes backward, reconstructing earlier forms of words, as well as forwards (which as far as I know no other sound change applier does); - it is fairly general in terms of the sound changes expressible; - it can understand X-SAMPA and (largely) CXS. Categories: C=ptkbdg R=rl V=ieaou. It also refers to sounds that disappear altogether. Parse .sc will parse the consolidated text in the Sound Changes text box into the appropriate input boxes. Save Input Words. (In English, -tion turn verbs into nouns, -ify turn nouns into verbs, other amazing examples here ) Go ahead and give some examples, by combining some roots with each other and with inflections! svelte linguistics sound-changes conlanging conlang sveltekit sound-change-applier . conventional spellings, but I could just as easily have used insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. conlang.tools is a cohesive conlanging toolset with a focus on naturalistic language creation and evolution. To begin using this sound change applier, you just need to download the executable (.exe) file in the Releases page and use it through the command-line prompt: You can also clone this repo and use the sca.bat or sca.sh file: And if the following were passed into the command line. The environment can contain variables, like V above. gives the transformed value of each character in the input variable (here S). Sound change appliers are powerful and useful tools, but they can have trouble with certain kinds of changes. If the language you're working with requires a special font, phonix, a feature-based sound-change applier. The Yasgheld (/'jz.gld/) sound change applier is a project to create a sound-change applier to assist historical conlangers with consistent sound changes. A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. For sound changes that happened after ca. To help with this, some conlangers have written computer programs called Sound change appliers that automate much of this work for you. Which SCAs does everyone prefer, and why? (Spaces between >, ->, => and / are insignificant.). For example, in English and Spanish, /n/ becomes [m] before bilabials and [] before velars (e.g. That doesn't seem too broad to me. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Don't feel limited to delete all /e/ after a consonant. Well talk about exactly what that means below. What "benchmarks" means in "what are benchmarks for?". leitor This option is useful for very long vocabulary lists. It comes from adding onto . means that c changes to i after a front vowel and before a t. You can use variables in the first two parts as well. This means we can read this as "post-vocalic [x] becomes [h] in initial syllables only.". This list will help you: cosmicos, tone, langua, pandunia, Conkey, sca, and bead. Sometimes two parallel dialects run along slightly different tracks. leitor [lector] You won't have much control over what you get, but you may get something interesting. > Regular expression syntax? On Safari and Firefox, Undo will work as it should: you can make a change, hit Apply, and if you dont like the results, click on the text box you changed and select Undo. How do you model language changes with wave theory (areal developments)? You can examine the history of any c/i/F_t Assimilation is when a sound changes to become more similar to the surrounding sounds. Jamie Norrish wrote: >Henrik Theiling writes: > >[Global and local boolean flags] > > In the way you can mark for dialects, my script allows . What sort of sound changes should you use? u//_C(C)F s-> /_# applies to secundus at 7, -b prints the output What are common origins of accusative case markers? if a case distinction is maintained in some words and lost in others, it may spread Thanks for reading! (Note: this is beta code; report errors to me at markrose at zompist.com.) E.g. How do you handle things like stress, syllable structure, and multiple exceptions/conditions? Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Without this parameter, the output looks like this: help me create a nat conlang by forcing a group of people to communicate with out speaking English or any other natlang. I spent a good part of my day recently messing around with the zompist sound change applier . Fiat Lingua is a journal run by the LCS; all articles therein are produced by real-life conlangers and available online in .pdf format. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. The members offer conlinguistic services and organises Language Creation Conferences for the conlanging community. If you don't like that progression, try another one. Some rules of sound change: As you will see below, these terms are general: multiple terms may refer to the same phenomena. (e.g. [ejmbow], [kokoa]). It only takes a minute to sign up. As time progresses and a language is often used, sounds start to change; different phonemes are used. Eventually, other rules you discover are going to intersect and sometimes abrogate another law. In a sense - you can specify syllable boundaries in rules (using suprasegmental characters which carry that feature, such as stress marks, or by the feature itself), and in the reverse applier the possible antecedent words are limited by (optional) syllable structure definitions. Variable definitions should come first, one per line; then sound changes, one per line. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. font. You can use variables in the first two parts as well. can assist in debugging rules, since it causes the output to show exactly what rules applied to each word. This page collects a number of entrusted, and foremost - free, sources of linguistic and specialised information by the conlanging community, and the users of the Linguifex Wiki. $ . The z part must always contain That can be all there is, as in This page was last edited on 28 January 2021, at 21:39. You might find that two or three daughter lineages kind of align in certain ways. The information of the atlas is published under a Creative Commons license by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and by the Max Planck Digital Library. and z is the environment. Variables can only be one character long (unless you use rewrite rules). E.g. But which one do most people use? The -p command line parameter The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? You can use sounds to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang , or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. Derive words throughout the timeline and preserve changes in history. Has the Melford Hall manuscript poem "Whoso terms love a fire" been attributed to any poetDonne, Roe, or other? says to delete voiced stops between vowels. If you write two novels in the same setting in different periods of time using the same conlang, it's quite likely some sound changes will have happened, so you'll want to implement them. Stolen from this answer by sumelic on linguistics: There is searchable version of the Index Diachronica that allows to search for some sounds and explore postulated and observed changes of that sound. Create a rough draft of the phonology of the child language. to transform digraphs in the input file: People rarely say any word perfectly; perhaps your was a little too far forward, or your wasn't rounded as much as it normally would be. this rule will change a member of S to Z if there is a vowel V anywhere following it: The symbol is the third character in the IPA list. PHOIBLE Online is a repository of cross-linguistic phonological inventory data, which have been extracted from source documents and tertiary databases and compiled into a single searchable convenience sample.
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