Ibid., p. 278; see also sections 3.5 and 4.2, passim. Dihlavi hesitated almost two months until deciding about the five Shia delegates. Ali Raza (UK) 7. It was his first and only trip to East Pakistan since starting his campaign in 1964. 6973, 857. She is known for her jobs in Talafi, Khaas, and Malaal e Yaar. 24054; Salim, Iskandar Mirza, 295310. From 1964 to 1970 he was Chairman of the CII; see Rh, Tazkira-yi ulam-i Panjb, Vol. 3) The police and the authorities concerned will provide all possible facilities for azdr while keeping in mind the requirements of law and order; bans on Shia and Sunni ulam are inappropriate. The need to have a Shia daily newspaper has been repeated again and again at meetings of the Shia organisations since the 1940s; see also section 6.1, p. 206. He deems it a splendid sign of leadership to accept titles such as Nib-i Imm,132Close yatullh fl-Alamain,133Close Hujjat ul-Islm wal-Muslimn,134Close orator (khatb) or preacher (wiz). Agitation started at numerous places, and a session of the SMC Working Committee was scheduled in Lahore on 34 June to discuss further steps. Shortly after an independent branch of the ITHS was set up in Karachi; see also section 4.5, p. 138. My job is to make the audience happy telling anecdotes and self-fabricated nonsense stories. Mirza Athar Sahib (India) 10. An All-Pakistan Shia Ulam Convention in Karachi presided over by S. Muhammad Dihlavi from 57 January 1964 turned out to be very successful, both through the large attendance of some 200250 ulam147Close and through a remarkable display of unity. 3745). In a series of articles published in al-Muballigh under the title Islh ul-majlis wal-mahfil over one year he elaborated on the benefits of majlis which were conducted properly, but denied most of the majlis which were regularly held by Shia communities all over Pakistan any status of religious worship (ibdat).264Close His principal argument was that , No act can be termed worship as long as it is not performed with purity of intention (khuls-i nyat), i.e. If the recommendations of the ten-member Board were not found to be approved fully, he would again call the Shias for a convention.398Close, The mood at the oratory sessions of these two days was one of utmost excitement and vindictiveness towards those who had not supported Dihlavis movement, as some anecdotes may illustrate: Muhammad Bashir Ansari told how Muzaffar Ali Shamsi had assured the Interior Minister that there would be no civil disobedience movement in Rawalpindi, disclosing that those who had courted arrest during the 1950 Narowal agitation had been bought for Rs. Ayub Khan was re-elected president for a fiveyear term by the Basic Democrats on 2 January 1965; see Ziring, The Ayub Khan Era, p. 39. It claims that 1520,000 people attended the meeting. Translation from Razkr 30/33:3 (1 September 1967). Since 1959 only one official holiday was left in Muharram, which was generally considered insufficient to observe azdr in the customary way.74Close In Lahore, where the largest azdr processions of the country were led out traditionally, these were banned in 1961 and permitted in the following year only after some new restrictions had been imposed.75Close In Narowal a number of Shias were arrested in August 1961 for defying a ban on Chihlum processions.76Close Nevertheless Shias were by and large satisfied with the policy of the martial law government regarding the sectarian problem. I., p. 410; quoted in Naqvi, Controversy, p. 144. These included some who had been former protegs of Qizilbash and would become so again some years later, like Najm ul-Hasan Kararvi and Muhammad Bashir Ansari. Thus in early 1963 the TAS leader Nur ul-Hasan Bukhari took an ITHS convention in Lahore devoted to the demand for separate dnyt as the starting point for a renewed attack on Shia azdr traditions.79Close His editorial in the TAS organ Dawat on 1 February 1963 articulated an interesting new argument against the Shia practices (excerpts): The TAS has been struggling for 12 years that no sectarian majlis, meeting (jalsa) or procession can be held in the settlement of a section of the population if it contradicts its beliefs. Jafari was one of the five representatives appointed by Dihlavi in January 1965, see section 4.3, p. 123. The following is a list of notable Shia Muslims . The movement led by S. Muhammad Dihlavi, which quite successfully asserted Shia demands vis-a-vis the government and the Sunni majority in the three years after 1965,214Close coincided with the first climax of a purely internal conflict within Pakistans Shia community. The memory of thirteen centuries cannot be erased. Razkr 31/26:4+5 (16 July 1968). List of contemporary Islamic scholars - Wikipedia 2.086 million and in 19656 Rs. This seems to be an error; the relevant article in the 1956 constitution was No. He argued that this religious taxtheoretically one fifth of the net annual savings of the Shia believers217Closecould only be spent for the support of needy sayyids.218Close But this had never been the case in Shia religious practice anywhere. Razkr 26/29:1 (1 August 1963); 26/30:3 (8 August 1963). 7475. The conflict as such had surfaced in Pakistan already in the 1950s, with some ulam from the dn madris complaining about how the zkirs and preachers would be misleading the Shia awm and distracting them from their religious obligations.215Close In 1959 one of the most successful preachers and munzirs, Maulana Muhammad Ismail (190176),216Close struck back. The names of those ulam, which are prohibited from entering certain districts for periods from 30 to 90 days on orders of the respective D.C.s, are regularly being published in the Pakistani press shortly before Muharram. On some early preachers of Shaikhiya doctrines in British India see Naqvi, Controversy, pp. In 1965, Muhammad Ismail had founded the Dars-i l-i Muhammad (see above, Fn 216) and Zamr ul-Hasan had become chief instructor of the Jmiat Husainya in Jhang; Mirza Yusuf Husain in 1974 became principal of a newly-founded Madrasat ul-Wizn in Lahore, which was also supported by Ansari (see Fn 143 to chapter 5, p. 410). According to him, they had considered the Shias of Pakistan a gold-mine, from which they served themselves with both hands, but they had done nothing for promoting the training of much-needed pesh-namz and ulam for performing other religious functions.277Close Such a claim was surely exaggerated, considering that the said ulam and some other opponents of Dhakko had themselves contributed to the founding of dn madris,278Close but it was not altogether wrong. The ITHS and APSC have taken pity on them but their presence in both organisations has been confined to serve as stage decoration or to hold confused speeches. Updated on October 28th, 2022 at 01:41 pm. Statement of Shaiq Ambalvi in front of the Lahore Inquiry Commission (see section 4.2, p. 112. See Naqvi, Controversy, p. 144; Muhammad Bashir Ansari, Haqiq ul-wasit, Vol. In Sadda (Kurram Agency) fire was opened on a Muharram procession in 1961, leading to fighting that spread to other villages (Bangash, Political and Administrative Development, p. 184). Razkr 26/24:4 (24 June 1963); 26/28:3 (24 July 1963). 5,000 had been collected for the event), Col. And if controversial matters are treated as such, the students will be confused and split among each other Shia hadth and fiqh should be taught separately and exams should be separate, too. Razkr 27/35:3 (1 November 1964); 27/39:3 (1 December 1964). Top 10 Zakirs - Travel/Local Community - ShiaChat.com Therefore it must be added to the said Article: but in Pakistan tablgh will be allowed only for the Islam based on m an alaihi wa-ashb,42Close and no Muslim will be allowed to leave the Islam of m an alaihi wa-ashb.43Close, During the history of Pakistan the small sects have always displayed narrow-mindedness and fanaticism and caused distress for the great majority therefore, to remove apprehensions of the masses and their mistrust of the government, it is necessary that such persons will not be kept in ministries and other responsible positions 44Close, Shia organisations, for their part, repeated the constitutional demands which had been made already in 1953.45Close The ITHS discussed the questionnaire at meetings in the house of the advocate S. Muhammad Ali Zaidi in Lahore on 15 and 29 May 1960.46Close, The commission completed its report in April 1961, but it took until 1 March 1962, for the new constitution to be enacted. Whatever the Lord of the Martyrs has endured was only for the sake of reviving Islam. Among them were a number of Shia notables in the Punjab, especially in the districts of Sargodha, Jhang and Multan.30Close The Ayub Khan regime presented its new laws on auqf as complementary to a land reform started in 1961, although the latter would remain without much impact.31Close Another side-effect of them was to bring a number of dn madris under government control, but apparently none of the few Shia schools was included.32Close Both Sunni and Shia madris responded to the challenge with the formation of countrywide umbrella organisations.33Close, The most controversial issue tackled by the martial law regime was the Muslim Family Law Ordinance promulgated in 1961. Traditions (riwyt) in the sense of ahdth, i.e. Zaidi, Mutlabt, p. 86; for the full text of the memorandum see Razkr 28/1:1 (1 Januray 1965). If today we show only a grain of negligence we will deserve countless curses from God and his Prophet and the Imams and the coming generations . XIXXXVIII. Shia Genocide Database: A Detailed Account of Shia Killings in Pakistan On 10 February the West Pakistan Minister of Interior, Qazi Fazlallah, was dispatched to Hyderabad to negotiate with the SMC Working Committee. Martial law rules prohibited the distribution of pamphlets and posters against any sect and ordered citizens to report such incidents to the next police station; the authors of propaganda inciting hatred on sectarian, provincial and linguistic grounds were threatened with up to fourteen years of prison, and those found printing or distributing such propaganda with up to ten years.6Close Although martial law, which remained in force until June 1962, could not intimidate the zealots for long,7Close there was enough deterrence to prevent all incidents of sectarian violence until March 1961.8Close There were a few such incidents during Muharram in 1961 and 1962, too,9Close but by-and-large the sectarian situation remained well under control until the spring of 1963.10Close. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Since 1958 he lived in Karachi, serving for the Publications Department of the government and later teaching at Karachi University. Nawsib (sg. No confirmation of this meeting or list of participants could be obtained from daily press sources. Report of the Inquiry Committee, quoted in Pakistan Times, 23 December 1963 (Urdu translation in Razkr 27/1:1; 1 January 1964). He became a leading member of its teaching staff rising to the position of Grand Mufti in the 1930s. 19, 25). List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan - Wikipedia The time is fast approaching when all religious groups will perform their religious ceremonies in complete freedom 19Close, Such eulogies on the martial law government were also common in editorials of Razkr in the years from 1959 to 1962. Maulana Abd ul-Hamid Badayuni (18981970) had been a long-term activist of the Muslim League, who played a prominent role during the Pakistan Movement in the 1940s. Although not openly opposing state supervision, Qizilbash was always trying to retain influence in the Auqaf Board through different tactics in order to maintain de facto control of the assets of his family waqf.29Close, While the sajjda-nishns of the numerous shrines of holy men in Pakistan included some renowned religious figures, most had become like ordinary big landowners, drawing benefits from the religious prestige of some more or less distant ancestor. One of the first measures to clip the wings of the clergy was the Waqf Properties Ordinance from April 1959, when a Chief Administrator Auqaf was appointed to register and control their assets.24Close Although the state did not appropriate the income of the auqf, a series of further laws implemented from 1960 onwards put the Auqaf Department in charge of the administration of hundreds of the most profitable auqf in Pakistan, the income of which was henceforth used according to bureaucratic instructions.25Close The new regulations were justified with alleged mismanagement of the auqf and misappropriation of their assets by the sajjda-nishns and mutawalls, as similar steps by the Punjab government taken already in 1952 had been.26Close In both cases the ITHS and its mouth-peace Razkr had applauded to the principle of supervision of the auqf by the state, but demanded that the administration of Sunni and Shia auqf should be separated and only Shias be put in charge of the latter.27Close This demand was repeated at the ITHS convention in Lahore of April 1961, and it became one of the three central demands of the new Shia movement from 1964 onwards.28Close The position of the APSC was different, because its President Qizilbash was himself controlling one of the largest Shia auqf in Pakistan. Translated from Razkr 23/22:3 (8 June 1960). Since no significant headway had been made trough all meetings with representatives of the state within seven months, an All-Pakistan Shia Convention was called for in Rawalpindi on 2830 August 1964 to discuss further steps. All SMCs should prepare a list of their most active members to form a countrywide Council which should meet annually.407Close. (He suggested instead referring to Pakistani authorities like S. Muhammad Baqir Chakralvi or S. Zain ul-Abidin, then Friday preacher of Multan). 6523. Mrs. Jinnaha Shia like her late brotherhad been named the candidate of the Combined Opposition Parties on 18 September 1964. Possibly it took place on the sidelines of a visit of Princess Ashraf Pahlavi of Iran in Lahore on 11 November (Pakistan Times, 12 November 1964). By 1962 the Auqaf Department had nationalised 247 dn madris (Malik, Islamisierung, p. 95). I.e. A number of public meetings were held during a stay of Dihlavi in Lahore from 1928 September and afterwards, while Qizilbash and Shamsi preferred to keep a low profile.387Close They tried to counter the SMC movement with some religious figures interposed,388Close but almost all prominent Shia ulam had meanwhile rallied behind S. Muhammad Dihlavi.389Close Dihlavi and his entourage followed up their stay in Lahore with a trip to Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Kohat, Hangu and the Kurram Agency (29 September7 October), i.e. 1329. The SMCs were supposed to give publicity to decisions and appeals of the centre, but also take initiatives of their own on the local level, for example against any obstruction of azdr. Translated from Razkr 29/4:3 (24 January 1966). The ridiculous term of Wahhabi Shias for the so-called Dhakko group of ulam remained in use throughout the following decades, showing the low level to which the internal dispute among a section of Pakistani Shias had sunk.263Close, Starting from October 1965, Dhakkos next step was to launch a systematic all-out attack against the zkirs and those ulam who had adopted their style of preaching. Razkr 31/4243:8; he was accused under Section 13 of the Public Order Ordinance of 1960 but released on bail shortly after. Today, too, we stick to the conviction that we must have full religious freedom. He remained in that function until 1975. Born in 1899 in the village of Paytan Herhi (Bijnor Dist., U.P.) 13335. The dispute was by no means only academic, with ulam of the Dhakko group risking being evicted from mosques and having their sermons boycotted or even being physically attacked. Details of the new draft syllabus with requirements for the degrees of Maulv, Maulv Alim, Fzil, Maulv Fzil, Imd ul-Afzil and Sultn ul-Afzil were given in al-Muballigh 4/2:46 (March 1960). By 1963and still todayShia-majority areas were confined to Baltistan and the Gilgit Agency, the Kurram Agency of the NWFP, and scattered villages in the northern and western districts of the Punjab from Sialkot and Rawalpindi down to Rajanpur. From January 1966 onwards a number of appeals appeared in Shia journals calling for the formation of SMCs in every town, district and village with a noteworthy Shia presence, which should then establish contact with S. Muhammad Dihlavi in Karachi.308Close One especially sentimental appeal was published by the SMC Lahore in Razkr. There is no greater crime in Islam than apostasy, and an Islamic government can neither allow the preaching of kufr nor apostasy from Islam. For 40-year-old Tehseen, Kashif was her whole world. To counter all these challenges, it would have been necessary that the ulam of all sects would unite to preserve Islam in the Islamic country. 12324. The Provincial Government has also accepted the recommendation of the Ulemas Board that under the Auqaf Board there should be two separate sections for Shia and Sunni Auqaf.396Close, The Rawalpindi Convention with thousands of volunteers, who had come with the firm intention to let themselves be arrested or face any other repression, thus turned into a festivity.397Close Since the authorities had not allowed a public meeting at Liaqat Bagh, all gathered in the house and garden of Dr S. Ajmal Husain Rizvi on Murree Road on 23 November. Karachi bus massacre: Who are the Ismailis? - BBC News Years active. panegyrics. One early measure of Ayub Khans government was the Elective Bodies Disqualification Order (EBDO) from August 1959, providing former political leaders with the option of being tried for misconduct or disqualifying themselves from engaging in political activity.11Close Muzaffar Ali Qizilbash was the most prominent Shia who opted for political retreat under EBDO until 31 Decemer 1966.12Close His younger brother Major (retd.) The reference is to the last three journals mentioned in Fn 308 (see above). Zulfiqar Ali Qizilbash (191190), however, was elected to the National Assembly as a member of the Convention Muslim League allied to Ayub Khan in 1962,13Close and Nawab Muzaffar Ali Khan found more time to occupy himself with Shia communal affairs. He had worked for the Ydgar-i Murtazv Institute and later became director of the Khorasan Islamic Centre in Karachi. Such manoeuvres were to continue and to become more obstinate throughout the following years. A number of rejoinders were written against it, notably from two leading ulam of Jhang, S. Zamr ul-Hasan Najafi259Close and S. Muhammad Arif Naqvi.260Close The main accusation made against Dhakko was that he was belittling the status of the Imams, and the derogatory terms muqassir261Close and qashr ulam262Close were coined for Dhakko and his supporters. Rishta Pakistan, Shaadi Marriage Bureau, Best Muslima Matrimonial in Zakir Naik and Salafism: Why Islamic scholars can dismantle - Firstpost 1923, 4648. 10-Sep-96 FATA Parachinar 200 . The first injustice done to Shias is that they are not allowed to take out their processions to public places unless they have obtained licences in advance, whereas all other Muslim sects can hold processions wherever they like in complete freedom without any licence 96Close, President Ayub Khan in a declaration one day after the riots had termed them a shame for Pakistan and for all Muslims and warned that no sect could enforce its beliefs on other sects.97Close Yet the leaders of some Sunni religious parties, who at the same time campaigned against the new Muslim Family Law and for the reinstatement of some Islamic provisions in the constitution,98Close were in a defiant mood. Since many ulam had made great efforts to induce the Shias to pay their religious dues while at the same time denouncing wasteful spending for majlis and mahfil, including the fees for preachers paid at such occasions, the latter were bound to counterattack sooner or later. 746; Malik, Islamisierung, pp. He was mentioned in protocols of ITHS conventions only on rare occasions; see Razkr 12/7:2 (16 February 1949); 19/13:1 (1 April 1956); 24/16:3 (24 April 1961). He later set up a trust for Shia religious publications. 17981. Born on May 05, 1947, Ghulam Abbas Mohsin Naqvi was a famous Pakistani poet known for writing ghazals. Both he and Qizilbash would be attacked years later for their alleged silence regarding the Muharram 1963 events; see Razkr 36/3031:5 (816 August 1972); 26/45:1 (1 December 1972). In schools and colleges our children are given such a form of religious instruction that they do not understand their own mazhab at all. In 1958 he earned fame with an Urdu translation of Asl al-shia wa-uslih from Muhammad Husain l Kashif ul-Ghita; see Naqv, Tazkira, pp. Thus the procession [in Lahore] was attacked by people who had ganged up with that intention, and who comprised dozens of people from other quarters apart from those affected by the rioting. When a ban on the entry of seventy Shia ulam and leaders was ordered with retroactive effect, none of those already present complied. The 196668 Shia movement occurred against the background of intense political ferment during the last years of the Ayub Khan regime, but it remained confined to purely religious and communal issues. the belief that God delegated some of his powers to the Imams; see Naqvi, Controversy, pp. Ali Ahmad Khan Jafari, born in Agra (U.P. Pakistan is not the country of one qaum or one mazhab, but all Muslim sects united have helped for its creation Shias became members of the Muslim League thinking that in Pakistan there would be full freedom for their religious rights (sic), that all sects would have a chance at elections, and that in government institutions there would be no sectarian discrimination but now our country is faced with a storm of sectarianism , The first issue is that of joint religious instruction. 13536. Translated from Razkr 29/3435:2 (18 September 1966). The meeting of a five-member delegation with the Governor took place as scheduled and was satisfactory; see also Musa, Jawan to General, p. 207. He was an activist of the Muslim League in the 1940s and made an academic career, becoming Head of the Department of Islamic Studies and later Vice-Chancellor of the Punjab University. Protocols and commentary in Razkr 27/2728:3+5; 27/29:78 (116 September 1964). S. Mushtaq Husain Naqvi and Muhammad Siddiq gave details of such problems in Multan and Lahore in Razkr 29/22:1, 3 (1 June 1966); see also Razkr 29/40:3 (16 October 1966); 30/3:3 (16 January 1967). See references in Fn 383 to chapter 3 (p. 383). Resolution No. Last year, nearly 400 were. According to the 196061 annual report of the Anjuman-i Muhammadya Sargodha, syllabi were unified after the April 1960 meeting (Supplement to al-Muballigh 5/2 [March 1961] p. The Sunni Conference was denounced as a fraud in the Barelvi journal Sawd-i Azam (Lahore), 1 September 1967, for usurping the name of a holy organisation of the Barelvis in pre-partition India; quoted in Razkr 30/36:3. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Remarkably, the mainstream Indian Islamic scholars have posed pertinent and unavoidable questions to Naik. His stay closed with a large public gathering at Karbal-i Gme Shh.170Close At a press conference on 29 February, S. Muhammad Dihlavi gave a comprehensive account of the three demands and their implications (excerpts): After the foundation of Pakistan the Muslims had merely understood that their goal had been achieved and they would be free to do what they liked. 14445. Dihlavi, who feared that agitation in Lahore and elsewhere might turn violent and jeopardise the achievements of three years of Shia communal mobilisation, agreed to these conditions and called off the Lahore Convention.353Close He even allowed Qizilbash to portray himself as having taken over the command of the campaign for the Shia demands. He is noted for his calming presence and delivering speeches in a soothing manner, and mostly focusing on the importance of respecting and loving one's parents.
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