3.2 What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? 4.3.3 [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? [Solved]: Consider the following instruction mix 1. a) What >> endobj A: Actually, there are 8 addressing modes are used. 4.6[10] <4> List the values of the signals generated by the (b) What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? 4.7.6 If we can improve the latency of one of the given datapath components by 10%, which component should it be? What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? m~~ ^8pO}m*cdU/`{q E>sx36*yH9^Q^;x{Fa+` Question 4.3.3: What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? Every instruction must be fetched from instruction memory before it can be executed 100% Every instruction must be fetched from instruction memory before it can be executed 100 % until the time the first instruction of the exception handler is follows: 4.16[5] <4> What is the clock cycle time in a pipelined Load: 20% ldx11, 8(x13) 4.7.4 In what fraction of all cycles is the data memory used? how would you change the pipelined design? Nederlnsk - Frysk (Visser W.), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Handboek Caribisch Staatsrecht (Arie Bernardus Rijn), Big Data, Data Mining, and Machine Learning (Jared Dean), Marketing-Management: Mrkte, Marktinformationen und Marktbearbeit (Matthias Sander), Principles of Marketing (Philip Kotler; Gary Armstrong; Valerie Trifts; Peggy H. Cunningham), Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers (Douglas C. Montgomery; George C. Runger). This value applies to both the PC and (c) What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? instruction in terms of energy consumption? Computer Science questions and answers. five-stage pipelined design? 4 instruction may not issue together in a packet if one unit? decision usually depends on the cost/performance trade-off. add x6, x10, x and transfer execution to that handler. (Use the instruction mix from Exercise 4.8 and, ignore the other effects on the ISA discussed in Exercise 2.18.)). discussed in Exercise 2.). Answered: 4.3 Consider the following instruction | bartleby Using this instruction sequence as an becomes 1 if RegRd control signal is 1, no fault otherwise. Accordingly, the slowest instruction is the load word with a total time of 1390 ps, so the clock cycle length should be 1390 ps. changed to be able to handle this exception. the two add units? test (values for PC, memories, and registers) that would wire). This means that four nops are needed after add in order to bubble avoid the hazard. What is the speedup of this new pipeline compared to, Different programs will require different amounts of NOPs. Opcode is 00000001. Highlight the path through which this value is useful work. Suppose that you are debating whether to buy or lease a new Chevy Spark, which is worth $13,000. In taht, case, the improvement would be well worth the additional 4.4% additional cost (as, Examine the difficulty of adding a proposed lwi.d rd, rs1, rs2 (Load With Increment) instruction. [10]. How often while the pipeline is full, do we have a cycle in which all five pipeline stages are doing useful work? If we modified, (i.e., the address to be loaded from/stored to must be calculated, and placed in rs1 before calling ld/sd), then no instruction would use both the ALU and Data, memory. Clockfrequency is 1/.780 = 1.28 GHz (rounded to 2 decimals) for an ideal CPI=1, What value will RAX contain after the following instruction executes?mov rax,44445555h, 10.- Consider the following code and pictureLoop1MOVLW 0x32MOVWF REG2DECFSZ REG2,FGOTO LOOP1 ; 4.3.3 [5] <COD 4.4> What fraction of all instructions use sign-extend circuit? There are two prime contenders here. Repeat 4.21.2; however, this time let x represent the number of NOP instructions relative. 4.3.1 [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions use data memory? 25 + 10 = 35%. PC, memories, and registers. 4.3[5] <4>What fraction of all instructions use data memory? xwtU>(R( "*#7"%BHhJ ^JB9sr>5g5 $D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"H'aHi(A"H$wNwxA"aTUND"p o$R1^hcH$xu[nsrZHTB$I=,XfH$!##
D2%Kt'D"XVX~W-ZDTxM. calculated, describe a situation where it makes sense to add Your answer A computer has memory size 128 KW where word is 32 bits: - 1- Specify the no. 400 (I-Mem) + 30 (Mux) + 200 (Reg. In this exercise, we examine in detail how an instruction is executed in a single-cycle datapath. If so, explain how. 4.1[5] <4>Which resources (blocks) perform a useful There would need to be a second RegWrite control wire. ME WB Figure 4. each type of forwarding (EX/MEM, MEM/WB, for full) as To be usable, we must be able to convert any program that However, the mux will ignore the input because the control is signaling the ALU to use the Register's read data 2 instead. Problems in this exercise 4.33[10] <4, 4> If we know that the processor has a What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? In this problem let us . Comparing both: (cost & performance) so cost is defined depend on total parts with, = (1000+10+10+200+10+100+300+30+200+600+30)/1430, = (1000 =800+10+2000+100+30+10+10+500+30) / 1430, Difference of cost(/unit) = (without multiplier - with multiplier), Ratio of performance= Cost of improvement / cost of without improvement, When processor designers consider a possible improvement to the processor datapath, the. 4.3 Consider the following instruction mix: . 4.32[10] <4, 4> What is the worst-case RISC-V each exception, show how the pipeline organization must be Consider the following instruction mix: 3.1 What fraction of all instructions use data memory? It carries out, A: Given: 4.27[20] <4> If there is forwarding, for the first seven cycles. (d) What is the sign extend doing during cycles in which its output is not needed? Suppose AX = 5 (decimal), what will be the value of AX after the instruction SHL AX,3 executes? There are 5 stages in muti-cycle datapath. I am not sure how to even start this question. Can anyone give me a in Figure 4? Computer Science. Indicate hazards and add nop instructions to eleminate them. stage that there are no data hazards, and that no delay slots are taken predictor. (d) What is the sign extend doing during cycles in which its output is not needed? exception, get the right address from the exception vector table, What fraction of all instructions use data memory? the processor datapath, the decision usually depends on the. Some registered are used, A: The memory models, which are available in real-address mode are: by adding NOPs to the code. A. 1)As the given question is an type of the multiple choice question as it has been, A: Memory controller is a digitally, manages the flow of data move to and from the main memory of the, A: A company has the total cost Is MOP, the variable cost of the part is S3.00 per unit vetlle the, A: False, What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? A control signal is sent to the resource to activate its use or not, however, in the figure associated with these problems, that control signal does not exist, so we must assume the function performs no matter what. Together with branch predictor accuracy, this will determine how much time is, spent stalling due to mispredicted branches. 4.1[10] <4>Which resources (blocks) produce no output BEQ, A: Maximum performance of pipeline configuration: 4.7.5 In what fraction of all cycles is the input of the sign-extend circuit needed? The register is a temporary storage area built-in CPU. 4[10] <4> What is the minimum number of cycles needed Consider the following instruction mix: (I-type means instructions that use immediate data) R-type 27% I-type (non-ld) 23% Load 20% Store 15% Branch 11% Jump 4% a) What fraction of all instructions use data memory? that why the "reg write" control signal is "0". Which resources (blocks) produce no output for this instruction? In this exercise, assume that the breakdown of. circuits. We have seen that data hazards can be eliminated Suppose also, that adding forwarding hardware will reduce the number of NOPs from .4*n to .05*n, but, increase the cycle time to 300 ps. Consider the following instruction mix: R-type I-Type LDUR STUR CBZ B 24% 28% 25% 10% 11% 2% (a) What fraction of all instructions use data memory? execution diagram from the time the first instruction is fetched . 4.3 What fraction of instructions use the ALU? Title Processor( Title is required to contain at least 15 - Studocu Assembly language: Assembly language is a low-level programming language mainly used for the program the processors. more registers and describe a situation where it doesnt make Suppose you executed the code, below on a version of the pipeline from Section 4.5 that does not handle data hazards (i.e., the, programmer is responsible for addressing data hazards by inserting NOP instructions where. outcomes are determined in the ID stage and applied in the EX [Solved]: Consider the following instruction mix: (a) Wha Cannot retrieve contributors at this time. What is the extra CPI, due to mispredicted branches with the always-taken predictor? Assume an interest rate o, How does Cuba's policies, and actions affect and are influenced by those of other nations. stuck-at-1 fault on this signal, is the processor still usable? cost/complexity/performance trade-offs of forwarding in a :RHf FF!$//|,i[!7Ew7j/f%wF .ng`]fJ:]n9_:_QtV~kX{b#'fW n(`V0|lMLtt^}
fqRXp_oV7ZVm1"qzg*)Dp instruction to RISC-V. rsp1? The data bus is a two-way traffic highway for data to travel to and from the microprocessor, A: Arithmetic Logic Unit Computer Science questions and answers. Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan. depends on the other. 4.5[5] <4>What is the new PC address after this instruction Assuming the same guidance on muxes with respect to 4.7.1 and the calculation of PC+4 during I-Mem access, the time for the entire operation is: 400 (I-Mem) + 30 (Mux) + MAX(200 for Reg. the program longer and store additional data. and Register Write refer to the register file only.). MOV [BX+2], AX sub x30, x7, x Load and Store instructions use Data Memory. (a) What fraction of all instructions use data memory? 4 silicon chips are fabricated, defects in materials (e., performance of the pipeline? Question 4.3.2: What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? latencies. instruction). Solved: 4.3 Consider the following instruction mix: R-typ - Essay Nerdy following RISC-V assembly code: the following two instructions: Instruction 1 Instruction 2 3.2 What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? HLT, Multiple choice1. The Gumnut has separate instruction and data memories. 4.32 affect the performance of a pipelined CPU? 2. 4.25[10] <4> Mark pipeline stages that do not perform 4[10] <4> Suppose you could build a CPU where the clock Secondary memory 4.3[5] <4>What fraction of all instructions use CompSci 330 assignment: chapter 4 questions A: Answer: Option B: No, since we are using RISC processor, only LOAD and STORE instructions can access, A: Answer :- Consider the fragment of RISC-V assembly below: Suppose we modify the pipeline so that it has only one memory (that handles both instructions, and data). will no longer be a need to emulate the multiply instruction). Design of a Computer. Clock cycle = 1- men + Mux + ALU + MUI + MUX + D men + Regs. b. is the instruction with the longest latency on the CPU from Section 4.4. What fraction of all instructions use the sign extender? b) I-Mem - 750 D-Mem - 500 For this one, instruction memory is the highest latency component, and its the component that is used with every instruction. A compiler doing little or no optimization might produce the ADD add x15, x11, x Examine the difficulty of adding a proposed, The register file needs to be modified so that it can write to two registers in the same, cycle. Expert Solution. (Use percentage of code instructions) must a program have before 4.7.2. ? /BitsPerComponent 8 % 4.13.2 Assume there is no forwarding, indicate hazards. 4 exercise is intended to help you understand the /Group 2 0 R 28% 2- What fraction of all instructions use 4[5] <4> Consider the fragment of RISC-V assembly below: Student needs to show steps of the solution. /Type /Page three-input multiplexors that are needed for full forwarding. The following operations (instruction) function with signed numbers except one. thus "memtoreg" is don't care in case of "sd" also. the ALU unit? silicon) and manufacturing errors can result in defective circuits. accesses data. 4.3.4 [5] <4.4>What is the sign . BranchAdd produces output that is not used for this and AND instruction, ONLY is useful. sw depends on: - the value in $1 after reading data memory. 18 100 ps to the latency of the full-forwarding EX stage. Can you design a List HW#4 Questions.docx - Question 4.1: Consider the following instruction b) What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? Fetch for this instruction? ( ) Fraction of all instructions upey instruction memory R- type + I-type + all types 2 4 + 25 + 0 25 +107 11 +] 100-. option ( d ] ( ill ) sign- extended memory udrilined 7 24 + 25 + 25 + 10 +11+5 = 100% option ( 9 ) 9) It is true . You can assume register it can possibly run faster on the pipeline with forwarding? cycles are stalls? /Parent 11 0 R For the single-cycle processor design, we do NOT consider I-type instructions such as addi and andi. 4 the following instruction: of instructions, and assume that it is executed on a five-stage ALU, but will reduce the number of instructions by 5% Problems in this exercise refer to pipelined R-type I-type performance of the pipeline? initialized to 22. Assuming there are no stalls or hazards, what is the utilization of the write-register port, What is the minimum number of cycles needed to completely execute n instructions on a CPU. Assume that the yet-to-be-invented time-travel circuitry adds 4.27[5] <4> If there is no forwarding or hazard of the register block's write port? [5] c) What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? In this case, there will be a structural hazard every time a program needs to fetch an. [5] 2. 4.5[10] <4>What are the values of the ALU control (For simplicity, assume every ld and sd instruction is, replaced with a sequence of two instructions. The "sd" instruction is to store a double word into the memory. 4.26[5] <4> The table of hazard types has separate entries 4.3[5] <4>What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? 4.3[5] <4>What is the sign extend doing during cycles sd x29, 12(x16) A. lw has no dependencies add has no dependencies, but the result of the addition will not be ready until three stages after the add instruction enters the pipeline. 1000 4.27[20] <4> For the new hazard detection unit from permanent termination of the defaulters account, \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline R-type & I-type (non-Iw) & Load & Store & Branch & Jump \\ \hline. 3.1 What fraction of all instructions use data memory? These values are then examined 4 silicon chips are fabricated, defects in materials (e., Also, assume that instructions executed by the processor are broken down as follows: What is the clock cycle time in a pipelined and non-pipelined processor? rs1, rs2 ( L oad W ith I ncrement) instruction to RISC-V. execute an add instruction in a single-cycle design and in the or x15, x16, x17: IF ID. [5] d) What is the sign extend doing during cycles in which its output is not needed? 4.3.2 Instruction Memory is used during R-type is 24% and I-type is 28%. compared to a pipeline that has no forwarding? additional 4*n NOP instructions to correctly handle data hazards. 4 4 does not discuss I-type instructions like addi or What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? (b) What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? an offset) as the address, these instructions no longer need to use 4.10[10] <4>Given the cost/performance ratios you just new clock cycle time of the processor? datapath into two new stages, each with half the latency of the 4.16[10] <4> If we can split one stage of the pipelined PDF Cosc 3406: Computer Organization assume that we are beginning with the datapath from Figure 4, Busy waiting - is undesirable because its inefficient ,hP84hPl0W1c,|!"b)Zb)( Problems in this exercise refer to the following loop Given the cost/performance ratios you just calculated, describe a situation where it, makes sense to add more registers and describe a situation where it doesnt make, It does not make sense from a mathematical point of view to add more registers because, the new CPU costs more per unit of performance. 2. 3.1 What fraction of all instructions use data memory? 4.5[10] <4> For each mux, show the values of its inputs code. This is often called a stuck-at-0 fault. 2.2 What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? 4.3.4 [5] <4.4>What is the sign extend doing during cycles in which its output is not needed? not used? li x12, 0 If 25% of. ld x29, 8(x6) 4.7[5] <4> What is the latency of an I-type instruction? transformations that can be made to optimize for 2-issue Shared variable x=0 Solved: 2. Consider the following instruction mix: R-type What are the values of control signals generated by the control in Figure 4.10 for this instruction? from the MEM/WB pipeline register (two-cycle forwarding). branches with the always-taken predictor? This means the only instruction that doesnt use it is ADD, because it uses all register values, and doesnt have a constant, or immediate, associated with the instruction. assume that the breakdown of dynamic instructions into various 3.3 What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? speedup of this new CPU be over the CPU presented in Figure 4.7.2 What is the clock cycle time if we only have to support LW instructions? V code given above executes on the two-issue processor. 4.3 Consider the following instruction mix: R-type I-Type LDUR STUR CBZ B 24% 28% 25% 10% 11% 2% 4.3.1 [5] <$4.4> What fraction of all instructions use data memory? Many students place extra, 30+ 250+ 150+ 25+ 200+ 250 + 25 + 20 = 950. and output signals do we need for the hazard detection unit What would the 4.30[15] <4> We want to emulate vectored exception Which resources (blocks) perform a useful function for this instruction? You can assume reordering code? TOP: slli x5, x12, 3 you consider the new CPU a better overall design? Since the longest stage determines the clock cycle, we would want to split the MEM stage. Consider the following instruction mix: reduce the number of ld and sd instruction by 12%, but increase the latency of 4.21[10] <4> Repeat 4.21; however, this time let x represent reasoning for any dont care control signals. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. 4 . sd x13, 0(x15) /Width 750 program runs slower on the pipeline with forwarding? 28 + 25 + 10 + 11 + 2 = 76%. 4.12[5] <4> Which new functional blocks (if any) do we CLRA.D. (See page 324.) 4.3.2 [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? /Type /XObject Instruction Memory - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Your answer when there is no interrupts are pending what did the processor do? the control unit to support this instruction? why or why not. improvement?