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quetzalcoatl offeringslgbt friendly doctors richmond, valgbt friendly doctors richmond, va Centeotl - The Aztec God (or Goddess) of Maize - ThoughtCo As humans, Tezcatlipocas trickery thwarted the priest Quetzalcoatl (myth of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl). God of the Month: Tezcatlipoca - Mexicolore As the god of learning, of writing, and of books, Quetzalcatl was particularly venerated in the calmecac, religious colleges annexed to the temples, in which the future priests and the sons of the nobility were educated. Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god? Tlatelolco (archaeological site) - Wikipedia Mexico's flagship airline Aeromxico has a Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner painted in a special Quetzalcoatl livery. Cartwright, Mark. The saint had departed from the Roman Empire following the death of Christ, and Duran believed his travels across the sea could explain the elements of Aztec religion that mirrored Christianity. In this period the deity is known to have been named Quetzalchutl by his Nahua followers. Math, Kathryn. Topiltzin-Quetzalcoatl maintained order across his domain and even eschewed the practice of human sacrifice. In Xochicalco, depictions of the feathered serpent accompany the image of a seated, armed ruler and the hieroglyph for the day sign 9 Wind. In an effort to further trick Mictlantecuhtli, Quetzalcoatl told him that he would leave Mictlan without the bones. Quetzalcoatl (pronounced Ket-zal-ko'-wat) was the Aztec version of the Feathered Serpent god that permeated Mesoamerican mythologies. Meehan, E. (2023, January 24). Franciscans such as Toribio de Benavente "Motolinia" saw elements of Christianity in the pre-Columbian religions and therefore believed that Mesoamerica had been evangelized before, possibly by Thomas the Apostle, who, according to legend, had "gone to preach beyond the Ganges". Quetzalcoatl slithers along the border. Terry Pratchett,Eric(New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1990), 63. Whether the historical figure of Ce Acatl Topiltzin did this, or whether it was the deity Feathered Serpent, we know that Quetzalcoatl was worshipped throughout Mesoamerica up until the conquest in 1521, and that the Aztecs appeared to combine Quetzalcoatl the priest with the deity.Find out how Tezcatlipoca got the better of Topiltzin by following the link below. Quetzalcoatl - Mythopedia According to scholar Patricia R. Anawalt, Follow the link below to read more about Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Morning StarThe legend of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl goes on to tell us that after a long pilgrimage towards the east, our hero found himself so thoroughly defeated by his brother Tezcatlipoca that he threw himself on a burning pyre in an act of self-sacrifice. Meehan, Evan. The Coinage of Quetzalcoatl garden grove police activity yesterday; airigh 'n eilean; . Members of this confederacy from Tlaxcala, Puebla, and Oaxaca provided the Spaniards with the army that first reclaimed the city of Cholula from its pro-Aztec ruling faction, and ultimately defeated the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co, 1892. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. Bird, Snake, Dog, Wind, Priest, Roadsweeper even Planet! In poetry weeping and singing both generated noise Read our report on the 3rd London Nahuatl Study Day, Pregnancy and birth influenced Aztec human biology, A cremated example of a death whistle is rediscovered. In many versions of the myth, Quetzalcoatl worked in opposition to his brother Tezcatlipoca. The Editors of Encyclopdia Britannica. In his guise as Ehecatl-Quetzlcoatl, Lord of the Winds, he values the breath and air. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1990. Reduce heat to low. One important body of myths describes Quetzalcatl as the priest-king of Tula, the capital of the Toltecs. Quetzalcoatl was associated with the wind-god Ehecatl and is often depicted with his insignia: a beak-like mask. He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. [12] In the Postclassic period (9001519AD), the worship of the feathered-serpent deity centered in the primary Mexican religious center of Cholula. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316393. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). Aztec religion | Description, Practices, Beliefs, & Facts Quetzalcoatl.Wikipedia. Ultimately, the legend that Moctezuma andthe Aztecs believed Cortesto be Quetzalcoatl was a just that: a legend retroactively turned into historical fact by Spanish writers. Quetzalcoatl (Kukulcan) The Feathered Serpent Of Aztec & Mayan Mythology Quetzalcoatl was instrumental in creating people to populate thefifth age. . This is because he dropped, but then saved, the bones of humankind as he tripped over a quail while escaping from the Mictlan (Graulich, 1996). Chimalma later married Mixcoatl, but the two were unable to conceive. Quetzalcoatl went to Mictlan, the underworld, and created fifth-world mankind from the bones of the previous races (with the help of Cihuacoatl), using his own blood, from a wound he inflicted on his earlobes, calves, tongue, and penis, to imbue the bones with new life. Well, legend has it that the cocoa tree was taken from a sacred mountain by the feathered-serpent deity Quetzalcoatl. RhinoSpike : English Audio : The Aztecs Used for divination, these documents were called Tonalamame (sing. Bird, Snake, Dog, Wind, Priest, Roadsweeper even Planet! Super glue makers - a great job for Aztec children. After many trials and tribulations he was able to escape Mictlan and carry the bones to Tamoanchan, home of the gods. Quetzalcoatls actions successfully tricked Mictlantecuhtli into giving him the bones. The significance of this combined name: quetzal (a beautiful feathered bird) and coatl (a serpent) revealed divinity. Algunas de las caractersticas de Quetzalcatl son las siguientes: Era el dios del viento, del planeta Venus, del amanecer, de los gemelos, de los monstruos, de la energa vital y de la fecundidad en las diversas culturas mesoamericanas. Guess how many feathers went into making this shield? Mix in potato, broccoli, corn, spinach, mushrooms, carrots, and cabbage. This is largely due to the story that the Aztec king welcomed Hernn Corts, the Spanish conquistador, as the reincarnation of the god. These carvings also included a conch shell, which was a symbol of the wind. Pour in chicken broth and bring to a boil. Representations of a feathered snake occur as early as the Teotihuacn civilization (3rd to 8th century ce) on the central plateau. Creation MythsQuetzalcoatl-Ehcatl and his crafty brother Tezcatlipoca were in the business of creation. 07v(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Quetzalcoatl (left) and Tezcatlipoca in one of a two-page binding together of the lunar and solar calendars. In theFinal Fantasyvideo game series, Quetzalcoatl was a recurring summon or creature. The priests practiced forms of self-mutilation, such as . Quetzalcoatl became a representation of the rain, the celestial water and their associated winds, while Tlaloc would be the god of earthly water, the water in lakes, caverns and rivers, and also of vegetation. [9] In Mazatec legends the astrologer deity Tlahuizcalpanteuctli, who is also represented by Venus, bears a close relationship with Quetzalcoatl. quetzalcoatl offerings Two other gods represented by the planet Venus are Tlaloc (ally and the god of rain) and Xolotl (psychopomp and its twin). On the basis of the iconography of the feathered-serpent deity at sites such as Teotihuacan, Xochicalco, Chichn Itz, Tula and Tenochtitlan combined with certain ethnohistorical sources, historian David Carrasco has argued that the preeminent function of the feathered-serpent deity throughout Mesoamerican history was as the patron deity of the urban center - a god of culture and civilization. Quetzalcoatls name, which means Feathered Serpent, was derived from the Nahuatl words for thequetzal birdand coatl, meaning serpent. Carrasco's work was revised in 2000, and the new edition provides a valuable overview of the controversy about Cortes and Quetzalcoatl. They predated the Aztecs and perhaps even battled with them towards the end of Tulas cultural and economic dominance in Mesoamerica. May Herz, The Legend of Maize Quetzalcoatl and the Corn PlantInside Mexico, May 10, 2017,https://www.inside-mexico.com/the-legend-of-maize/(accessed June 29, 2019). Quetzalcatl was the son of the prehistoric androgynous god Ometeotl. It was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood. bank of america trustee fee schedule. 116 (June 1884), 618. [45][46] The deity has been featured as a character in the manga and anime series Yu-Gi-Oh! The god gave the cocoa to the Toltec people, and taught their women to make drinking chocolate. Quetzalcoatl would permit no human offerings in his name. This last period was considered to bring bad luck because it was represented by Quetzalcoatl in his forceful guise of Wind. The legend of the victory of Tezcatlipoca over the Feathered Serpent probably reflects historical fact. In the era following the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, a number of records conflated Quetzalcoatl with Ce Acatl Topiltzin, a ruler of the mythico-historic city of Tollan. [18][need quotation to verify]. The rationale for Aztec human sacrifice was, first and foremost, a matter of survival. Chimalma caught the arrows in her hand, however, which is how she got her name (which means Shield Hand). (Restall 2001 p. 114)[full citation needed]. The myth reports that during the 5th Sun, Quetzalcoatl spotted a red ant carrying a maize kernel.He followed the ant and reached the place where maize grew, the "Mountain of Sustenance", or Tonacatepetl (Ton-ah-cah-TEP-eh-tel) in Nahua. They travelled past Cholula (in Puebla), into the Yucatan and Chichn Itz, and may even have gone as far as El Salvador. During the epi-classic period, a dramatic spread of feathered serpent iconography is evidenced throughout Mesoamerica, and during this period images begin to figure prominently at sites such as Chichn Itz, El Tajn, and throughout the Maya area. arthur newman brother of paul newman; project management conferences 2023; ottawa, il police reports. [22], To the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl was, as his name indicates, a feathered serpent. 77 heartbreaks ending explained. They maintained a major pilgrimage and commercial center at Cholula, Puebla which the Spaniards compared to both Rome and Mecca because the cult of the god united its constituents through a field of common social, political, and religious values without dominating them militarily. Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises? I wanted to do my due diligence and research and ask questions before taking that next step. He never offered human victims, only snakes, birds, and butterflies. Quetzalcoatl.Ancient History Encyclopedia. The pressure of the northern immigrants brought about a social and religious revolution, with a military ruling class seizing power from the priests. [41] However, in 1892 one president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, John Taylor, wrote:[42]. Menu. The return of Topiltzin-Quetzalcoatl, who had departed to the east by sea, certainly seemed like a possibility to the Aztec nobility as they considered the arrival of these seafaring newcomers. Archived post. [13] Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either Hernn Corts or Thomas the Apostleidentifications which have also become sources of a diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl. With the seeds laid bare,Tlaloc, a rain god often associated with Quetzalcoatl, proceeded to snatch them up and scatter them across the land.[8]. "[17], Quetzalcoatl also became linked with rulership and priestly office; additionally, among the Toltec, the name was used as a military title and its representation as an emblem. The conch shell is symbolic of the ancestral bones from which Quetzalcoatl created humankind as we know it. From the smoking remains rose the morning star, Venus, who is represented by Quetzalcoatl in his guise of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli. Quetzalcoatl | Kobayashi-san Chi no Maid Dragon Wiki | Fandom Accessed June 29, 2019.https://www.jstor.org/stable/982343. Quetzalcoatl was sometimes portrayed as a trickster god, and while his plans did not always work as intended, they did consistently benefit humanity. Under the guise of wind, he was called Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl and was considered a great cultural hero. If Quetzalcoatldidreturn, however, how would he be known? quetzalcoatl offerings offering to Quetzalcoatl on behalf of a deceased friend Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, Xipe Totec, and Huitzilopochtli worked together to create the earth and the first man and woman to live there. The Dragon and the Feathered Serpent: Quetzalcoatl and the - LinkedIn nuna revv stroller compatibility accounts krafton com claim best tasting menus toronto quetzalcoatl offerings. Outside of Tenochtitln, the main centre of Quetzalcatls cult was Cholula, on the plateau region called Mesa Central. A typical portrayal of the Feathered Serpent. After he was born, he and his family waited 600 years for his youngest brother, Huitzilopochtli (who was born without flesh), to join them in the process of cosmic construction. Im curious if anyone here offers that to him and what your experiences with him have been. Corrections? Later, Xavier and the Aztecs summon Quetzalcoatl in his mortal form and wind up angering him after cutting him open. Hello everyone, I hope you are all doing well and staying safe. He first donned bird-like features in the Olmec period (1400-400 BC), becoming a Quetzal-feathered Serpent in the Classic period (200-900 AD), long before the Aztecs were around (1325-1521 AD). Quetzalcoatlus northropi and Quetzalcoatlus sp. Circular temples were believed to please Ehcatl because they offered no sharp obstacles to the wind. The earliest depictions of the feathered serpent deity were fully zoomorphic, depicting the serpent as an actual snake, but already among the Classic Maya, images of the deity began acquiring human features, such as the beard (see the Borgia codex illustration above) that he was sometimes depicted with. Accessed June 29, 2019.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl. According to another version, he embarked upon a raft made of snakes and disappeared beyond the eastern horizon. Caractersticas de Quetzalcatl. Quetzalcatl's Flee - Pre Columbian Narrativas of Mesoamerica Quetzalcoatl | Encyclopedia MDPI Accessed June 29, 2019.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathered_Serpent. Auh yn jquac molhuja eheca, mjtoa: teuhtli quaqualaca, ycoioca, tetecujca, tlatlaiooa, tlatlapitza, tlatlatzinj, motlatlaueltia. Evidence for cacao drinks go back to 1600 BCE! [12] Feathered-serpent iconography is prominent at all of these sites. Taylor, John. This image from the sixteenth century Codex Borbonicus (pic 8, right) shows his conical hat made from the fur of an Ocelot. In some incredible escapades, they created the earth, sea and night sky and were regents of the first two suns, or world eras of the existing five. It was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood. The gods sent the bat to bite out the vulva of the young goddess Xochiquetzal, from which they grew nasty-smelling flowers to present to Mictlantecuhtli. He was a patron of many crafts such as writing, and metal and stone work and represented workers of these crafts. The god Quetzalcoatl then descended to the underworld and retrieved the bones of former humans from the previous four eras. As he fell into the the pit, Quetzalcoatl was knocked unconscious and mixed up the bones he was carrying. Aztec religion, the religion followed by the Aztecs, a Nahuatl-speaking people who ruled a large empire in central and southern Mexico in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Though he originated as a vegetation god, Quetzalcoatl's role in the Aztec mythos expanded over time. He also had anthropomorphic forms, for example in his aspects as Ehecatl the wind god. Although he was generally listed as one of the first-rank deities, no ceremonial month was dedicated to his cult. 116 (June 1884): 616-651. As a culture hero, Quetzalcoatl (or Topilzin Quetzalcoatl) was said to be extremely wise, and according to myths, under his rulership agriculture flourished, goods were plentiful, and people lacked for nothing. In Aztec culture, depictions of Quetzalcoatl were fully anthropomorphic. 25 Feb/23. Some followers of the Latter Day Saints movement believe that Quetzalcoatl was historically Jesus Christ, who Latter-day Saints believe visited the New World as a resurrected being as reported in the Book of Mormon, but believe his name and the details of the event were gradually lost over time. She has long, wavy blonde hair, in the anime her hair takes on a turquoise and green color at the ends. These items have all been unearthed since 2003 when researchers first discovered the tunnel beneath the Pyramid of the Feathered/Plumed Serpent in Teotihuacan, Mexico. Recipes and Ramblings From Life on the Farm The subsequent Toltec culture (9th through 12th centuries), centred at the city of Tula, emphasized war and human sacrifice linked with the worship of heavenly bodies. The chacmool was a very important religious tool used during sacrifices. commerce bank routing number kansas . While this legend is disputed, it is clear that Quetzalcoatl was an important deity to the Aztecs and other people of Mexico and Central America. 78r(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 5: Quetzalcatl-Ehcatl. This article is about a Mesoamerican deity. [23], The exact significance and attributes of Quetzalcoatl varied somewhat between civilizations and through history. Meehan, Evan. The city of Tenochtitlan was established in 1325 on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco (much of which has since been filled in to accomodate Mexico City which now exists on this site), and with the city's foundation the original structure of the Templo Mayor was built. He gave people maize corn, their staff of life: it had previously been hidden away. Called ehecaczcatl (wind jewel), the shell has been interpreted as an association with the womb and the generation of life. I had a few curious questions to ask the forum. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the 16th-century Codex Borbonicus. When the brothers separated the sky from the earth, they even turned into the trees that held the two apart, earnings the names of Quetzalhuxotl and Tezcacahuitl.Quetzalcoatls life-giving ability gave rise to many of the things around us. Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology. The Nahuatl nouns compounded into the proper name "Quetzalcoatl" are: (in English, Spanish, and Nahuatl languages), Proposed Book of Mormon geographical setting, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia, The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel, "Evidence of Mushroom Worship in Mesoamerica", "New Taxonomical and Ethnomycological Observations on, "All You Need To Know About The Ancient Aztec Gods and Goddesses", "Readings in Classical Nahuatl: The Death of Quetzalcoatl", "Gift of the Gods: Chocolate in the Aztec Empire", "The Complete New York City Horror Movie Marathon! Quetzalcoatl played many roles in ancient Aztec mythology, so it's difficult to pin down just one. Under the guise of wind, he was called Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl and was considered a great cultural hero. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Oxford: ABC-CLIO, 2000. what two major landmasses broke apart from pangaea. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Note the human for scale. In order to do this, Quetzalcoatl had to sneak into the underworld ofMictlanand trickMictlantecuhtliand Mictecacihuatl, the Lord and Lady of Death, into giving him the bones they guarded. God of the Month: Quetzalcoatl - mexicolore.co.uk In Aztec mythology, he was the brother of Tezcatlipoca, Huitzilopochtli and Xipe Totec. He was called Kukulcan in the postclassic Maya culture that developed from . Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are Possible cause (A) the petrotenm products vary greaily in physival a (B) complicated refining processes rearrange the structure (C) the two atoms in the molecule assume Many positions (D) the pressure needed to force it to the surface moiecuiar transtormation 34. These writers may have misinterpreted a speech Moctezuma gave to Cortes, or simply invented the idea because it fit their historical expectations. [38] Some Franciscans at this time held millennarian beliefs[39] and some of them believed that Corts' coming to the New World ushered in the final era of evangelization before the coming of the millennium. (an as of yet unnamed species) were large creatures with enormous wingspans. What does Quetzalcoatl mean? - Definitions.net During this festival, Xochiquetzal was "honored with flower offerings, drinking, and . These people could now satisfy the gods' own need for blood. Im I was looking in to offering Copal resin to Quetzalcoat. Unlike the newer gods of theAztec pantheon, Quetzalcoatl shared his namesake with the feathered serpent deities of the Kiche Maya and the Yucatec Maya. Wikipedia contributors. TOEFL Practice Test Reading 2 | PDF - Scribd [43] In a 1986 paper for Sunstone, he noted that during the Spanish Conquest, the Native Americans and the Catholic priests who sympathized with them felt pressure to link Native American beliefs with Christianity, thus making the Native Americans seem more human and less savage. Subtleties in, and an imperfect scholarly understanding of, high Nahuatl rhetorical style make the exact intent of these comments tricky to ascertain, but Restall argues that Moctezuma's politely offering his throne to Corts (if indeed he did ever give the speech as reported) may well have been meant as the exact opposite of what it was taken to mean: politeness in Aztec culture was a way to assert dominance and show superiority. It has been suggested that these stories recall the spread of the feathered-serpent cult in the epi-classic and early post-classic periods.[12]. There are several stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl. Cult worship may have involved the ingestion of hallucinogenic mushrooms (psilocybes), considered sacred. Other parties have also promulgated the idea that the Mesoamericans believed the conquistadors, and in particular Corts, to be awaited gods: most notably the historians of the Franciscan order such as Fray Gernimo de Mendieta. With his companion Xolotl, a dog-headed god, he was said to have descended to the underground hell of Mictlan to gather the bones of the ancient dead. Captain Planet - Quetzalcoatl Offering - YouTube 0:00 / 4:49 Captain Planet - Quetzalcoatl Offering Bastard Jazz 14.8K subscribers Subscribe 400 40K views 8 years ago Download & Stream:. Quetzalcoatl () is a deity in Aztec culture and literature. 22(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Bust of Quetzalcoatl (R), British Museum; drawing of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl (R) based on the Codex Borbonicus(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 9: Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizpantecuhtli, god of Venus. [8] In his form as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a harpy eagle. An Examination Into and an Elucidation of the Great Principle of the Mediation and Atonement: Of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. In the post-classic Nahua civilization of central Mexico (Aztec), the worship of Quetzalcoatl was ubiquitous. The mask is formed of two intertwined and looped serpents worked in contrasting colors of turquoise mosaic; one in green and one in blue that twist across the face and around the eyes, blending over the nose. I havent made any formal offerings to any of these deities as of yet. Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god?The final twist in Quetzalcoatls story came with the arrival of the Spanish conquerors, who claimed that Corts was welcomed as the long-departed Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl who, in another story, did not kill himself but left on a long voyage over the ocean, promising one day to return. Like the other three (Tezcatlipoca, Camaxtle and Huitzilopochtli) he was a tutelary god, responsible for more dramatic acts of creation than most of the characters in the Aztec pantheon! As was common in Mesoamerican rituals, a human sacrifice was also given. Moctezuma sent a gift of food and the ceremonial clothing of four gods (one set of which belonged to Quetzalcoatl) to the newcomers, presumably to ascertain their true intentions. To console the spirit of Cipactli the gods promised her human hearts and blood in appeasement. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica,[6] and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. Quetzalcoatlhe was the wind, the guide and road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who brought rain. It is said that the Toltec culture fell when the king and high priest Quetzalcoatl left the city of Tula. This image from the Codex Borgia (pic 9) shows Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli displaying the quincunx: five circles associated with Venus. The Tlaxcalteca, along with other city-states across the Plain of Puebla, then supplied the auxiliary and logistical support for the conquests of Guatemala and West Mexico while Mixtec and Zapotec caciques (Colonial indigenous rulers) gained monopolies in the overland transport of Manila galleon trade through Mexico, and formed highly lucrative relationships with the Dominican order in the new Spanish imperial world economic system that explains so much of the enduring legacy of indigenous life-ways that characterize southern Mexico and explain the popularity of the Quetzalcoatl legends that continued through the colonial period to the present day. He appears seated in Omnipotence City of the gods, where all major deities are located, during an announcement from leader of the gods, Zeus. Quetzalcoatl ground up those bones like corn, mixing the flour-like powder with his own blood to harvest a new crop of people. In general, he is considered the god of wisdom, the god of the Aztec ritual calendar, the god of corn and maize, and oftentimes a symbol of death and resurrection. Vinculaba el cielo con la tierra, por eso se la asociaba tanto al . Figure 25: Quetzalcoatl Offering . In Mesoamerican history, many different ethnopolitical groups worshiped a feathered-serpent deity. Quetzalcoatl has appeared in Final Fantasy VIII, XII, and XV, as well as the Final Fantasy trading card game. Quetzalcoatl (pronounced Ket-zal-ko-wat) was the Aztec version of the Feathered Serpent god that permeated Mesoamerican mythologies. While his artwork changed considerably since he was first included in Final Fantasy VIII, he was consistently portrayed as a flying, lightning-like creature. This possibility would become mythologically significant when the Spanish conquistadors arrived in the 16th century. His sea voyage to the east should probably be connected with the invasion of Yucatn by the Itz, a tribe that showed strong Toltec features. [7] Animals thought to represent Quetzalcoatl include resplendent quetzals, rattlesnakes (coatl meaning "serpent" in Nahuatl), crows, and macaws. On a lone voyage, he went to find the bones of the dead in the underworld, known as Mictlan. Colonial documentary sources from the Maya area frequently speak of the arrival of foreigners from the central Mexican plateau, often led by a man whose name translates as "Feathered Serpent". Being sacrificed on the leaning smoking mirror . Containing a round temple dedicated to the cult of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl, Cholula was considered a pilgrimage destination across Central Mexico. Quetzalcoatl, however, had feathers and this made him an altogether different being. representative of Quetzalcoatl offering, rhetorically, to "kneel at Easter" to the "old mass." Many of the most luminous scenes in The Plumed Serpent originate here, too, like the descriptions of the lake that yields "ollicitas" (tiny ancient ceramic pots) or of the majestic "spangled" bull and new ass-foal that represent the ongoing life-urge in